Adapting the Algerian political system to successive constitutions (1963-2020)

Abstract

The adaptation of any political system depends on the principle of separation of powers, especially the executive and legislative powers, because the judiciary is known for its independence, if the separation is flexible, the system is considered parliamentary. If it is rigid, it is a presidential system. If they are combined, it is a semi- presidential system, however, the departure from the characteristics of these global political systems based on the principal of separation of powers makes adapting the political system of any country amliguous.
Immediately after its independence, Algeria excluded the principle of separation of powers in its program constitutions (the 1963 and 1976 constitutions), only to reinstate it in its legal constitutions (the 1989 and 1996 constitutions). However, the amendments to the 1996 constitution, particularly the 2008 amendment, deviated from the basic features of comparative political systems, and the 2016 amendment maintained this. The 2020 amendment introduced a new rule based on two completely different assumptions, the results of which lead to a different adaptation of the Algerian political system.